Abolition of Family Titles to End the Discrimination Between Upper Caste and Lower Caste
What is my family title actually? "Sinha"? My father's full name is Abul Basher Shinha, and my grandfather's name is Abul Kashem Shinha. The surname Sinha is used by both Muslims and Hindus. This Sinha surname is primarily prevalent in India's Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and some regions of Uttar Pradesh. In Bangladesh, this surname is also found in the Gendaria area of Dhaka and in the Munshiganj district.
Followers of the Hindu religion are divided into four varnas: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. Brahmins hold the highest status. According to ancient traditions, the responsibilities of individuals from each varna are generally different.
- Brahmin: Knowledge, education, priestly duties.
- Kshatriya: Governance, administration, war.
- Vaishya: Agriculture, animal husbandry, commerce.
- Shudra: Service, labor.
The Kshatriya, who occupy the second position in this list, are divided into multiple sub-castes or Jat. One of these is the Kayastha. This Kshatriya-originated Kayastha community is further divided into numerous family clans, for example: Sinha, Basu, Ghosh.
Therefore, the hierarchy for Sinha is: Kshatriya Varna ➤ Kayastha Sub-caste ➤ Sinha Family.
The Dalit or "untouchable," exist outside these four varnas who do not belong to any varna. They were traditionally engaged in occupations considered essential for society yet "impure," such as removing dead animals, processing leather, cleaning excrement and waste, working at cremation grounds, etc. Dalit and untouchable refer to the same group; however, "Dalit" is a term of pride and political acceptance, whereas "untouchable" is an offensive and derogatory slur.
When the Sufi saints began spreading Islam in the Indian subcontinent, many Hindu families converted to Islam. Dalits and Shudras were at the forefront of this movement, seeking liberation from the oppression of the Brahmin varnas. Subsequently, at a certain point, a segment of the Sinhas converted to Islam. However, these converted Sinha families retained their ancestral surname as a legacy of their forefathers. This is why the Sinha surname exists among both Muslim and Hindu communities.
To my knowledge, all of my ancestors on my father's side were Muslim for several centuries. However, my grandfather's younger sister, "Bokul," during the Second World War, ran away with her Hindu boyfriend to what is now Assam, India, and married him. Before the marriage, she renounced the Islamic faith she was born into and converted to Hinduism.
There are many well-known "Sinhas" among Hindus that you may be familiar with:
✨ Sonakshi Sinha - A popular Bollywood actress from India.
✨ Manoj Sinha - The current Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, India; a politician and former minister.
✨ Yashwant Sinha - India's former Finance Minister and External Affairs Minister.
✨ Nitin Nabin Sinha - Minister of Road Construction, Government of Bihar, India.
✨ Surendra Kumar Sinha - Former Chief Justice of Bangladesh.
And among Muslims, here are some "Sinhas" you may know:
✨ Anisur Rahman Sinha - Founder of the Opex and Sinha Textile Group in Bangladesh.
✨ Mizanur Rahman Sinha - Former Minister and Member of Parliament in Bangladesh.
Gender discrimination also exists in the context of name titles. Why shouldn't a child carry their mother's family title? My mother's name is Salma Akhter Sheuly. My maternal grandfather's name is M. A. Baset. There is no family title in my grandfather's name. Although, my mother's brothers have the word "Bari" in their names - Shafiqul Bari Abu, Sajedul Bari Dudu, Saidul Bari Bablu, Shorful Bari Labu, etc. Many women, after marriage, officially add their husband's name "title" to their own names through an affidavit. For example, the Bollywood actress Kareena Kapoor changed name to "Kareena Kapoor Khan" after her marriage. This is also a form of gender discrimination. However, her husband, Saif Ali Khan, did not become "Saif Ali Khan Kapoor."
Those who have no qualifications of their own, or are interested in maintaining family influence by using someone else's title, use family titles. My name previously included the word "Sinha." My full name was "Muhammad Tawhidur Rahman Sinha Dear." Later, during class nine registration, I removed both "Sinha" and "Muhammad." Since then, my name on all educational certificates, National ID Card, and government documents has been Tawhidur Rahman Dear. It would have been even better if it were shortened to just "Dear."
The problem of casteism is acute among a section of Hindus in India. Among the four Hindu varnas, Brahmins hold the highest "respect," while almost everyone else is considered a lower caste. Shudras and Dalits are facing the worst situation. I am a man from Dhaka. Although Bangladesh does not have the problem of casteism. But at the national and regional levels in Bangladesh, there is the issue of political families - the Sheikh family, the Zia family, the Mollah family. Even developed countries have them, like the Bush family. Many excellent films have been made about India's deplorable caste system. Notable ones include Sujata (1959), Fandry (2013), Article 15 (2015), Masaan (2015), Sairat (2016), Dhadak (2018), Dhadak 2 (2025), etc. Are only Hindus being targeted? In many parts of India, attacks on Muslims and Christians are common occurrences. If Hindus freely perform their Puja, why should it be a problem for Muslims? And if Muslims freely perform their Namaz and Roza, why should it be a problem for Hindus?
What is the solution to this problem? Directly by enacting a law to stop the use of family titles. Names will always consist of a single word. Everyone will be known only by their core name. For example:
✅ Sonakshi Sinha's new name would be Sonakshi
✅ Amitabh Bachchan's new name would be Amitabh
✅ Hrithik Roshan's new name would be Hrithik
✅ Mamata Banerjee's new name would be Mamata
✅ Narendra Modi's new name would be Narendra
✅ Khaleda Zia's new name would be Khaleda
✅ Sheikh Hasina's new name would be Hasina
Therefore, according to the law, everyone would be allowed to use only a single-word name. Furthermore, you cannot use a name that your paternal and maternal grandparents, parents, or elder siblings are using or had used. The concept of a single-word name isn't particularly difficult. Mayawati, former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, used only a single-word name. The majority of people in the Indian state of Mizoram have single-word names. Bollywood stars like Govinda, Kajol, Rekha, Tabu, Patralekha are known by single-word names. Many prophets, messengers, and their family members are known by single-word names: Adam, Eve, Moses, Abraham, Muhammad etc. The political theorists Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle also had single-word names.
Currently, my own name doesn't have any family title attached to it. Nevertheless, under this new law, ✅ my new name would be "Dear".
India's caste system is a terrible mental disease. Certainly, this is not the case across the entire country, and not all Hindus in India are responsible for it. In Bangladesh, for instance, attacks on Hindu temples and arson attacks on Hindu houses and shops often occur. Bomb attacks also happened at various times. But that does not mean all Muslims in Bangladesh are responsible for it. Now the question is, what happens in the name of this caste system in some parts of India?
đ High-caste Hindus refrain from eating with lower-caste people. Food cooked by Dalits cannot be eaten. Even in the same hotel, food is cooked in separate pots and served on separate plates.
đ Social interaction between the two castes is prohibited.
đ Dalits are forbidden from entering temples, drawing water from public wells, or shopping at high-caste-owned stores.
đ In many villages, there are separate residential areas for Dalits.
đ Dalit children often face aggressive behavior from high-caste teachers or classmates, forcing them to drop out of school. Sometimes, Dalit students are forced to sit separately or are prevented from participating in classroom activities.
đ Often, when Dalits try to legally fight against persecution, they receive no support from the police or administrative levels.
đ In cases of love or marriage between a Dalit and a high-caste, "honor killings" occur.
However, similar incidents also occur in Bangladesh. In some parts of Bangladesh, Bangalis will not eat with the Saotals, a local minority ethnic community, in the same hotel.
This revolutionary step is necessary to abolish such systems everywhere in the world, especially the high caste-low caste system in India. The benefits of this system will not be achieved overnight. But if we start today, perhaps 50 years from now, everyone's primary identity will be "human." Is that something impossible? Not at all. I myself removed both "Sinha" and "Muhammad" from my name while I was in school. You can do it too.
Family names were often derived from the occupations people were engaged in two to four hundred years ago. Let's look at a short list. Note that I took the list below from Wikipedia, so there may be mistakes. Here is the list of 27 so-called family titles.
đŗ Mukhopadhyay or Mukherjee: Brahmin (Rathi). Profession: Priest, Head Teacher, Vedic Scholar.
đŗ Chattopadhyay or Chatterjee: Brahmin (Rathi). Profession: Priest, Teacher, Philosopher.
đŗ Bandyopadhyay or Banerjee: Brahmin (Rathi). Profession: Priest, Teacher.
đŗ Ganguly: Brahmin. Profession: Priest, Teacher, Religious Leader.
đŗ Pramanik: Brahmin/Kayastha. Profession: Record-verifying Officer, Document Witness.
đŗ Sharma: Brahmin. A universal title, Profession: Priest and Scholar.
đŗ Dev: (Brahmin lineage) Profession: Servant of God, Landlord, or Honorary Title.
đŗ Chopra: Kshatriya. Profession: Landlord, Farmer, Military personnel.
đŗ Sisodia: Kshatriya. Profession: Ruler and Warrior.
đŗ Sinha: Kshatriya/Kayastha. Profession: Warrior, Ruler, Administrator.
đŗ Ray: Kshatriya/Kayastha. Profession: Landlord, Ruler, Revenue Officer.
đŗ Dutt: Kshatriya/Kayastha. Profession: Landlord, Administrator, Philanthropist.
đŗ Ghosh: Kshatriya/Kayastha. Profession: Dairy Farmer, Cattle Herder, Businessman.
đŗ Basu or Bose: Kshatriya/Kayastha. Profession: Landlord, Administrator.
đŗ Kapoor: Vaishya. Profession: Businessman, Administrator, Clerk.
đŗ Agarwal: Vaishya. Profession: Businessman, Merchant.
đŗ Kumar: Shudra. Profession: Potter.
đŗ Yadav: Shudra. Traditional Profession: Cattle Herder, Farmer.
đŗ Mandal: Shudra. Profession: Village Chief, Farmer Leader.
đŗ Meghwal: Shudra. Traditional Profession: Animal Herder, Blacksmith.
đŗ Chamar: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Leatherworker, Shoemaker.
đŗ Dhobi: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Washerman.
đŗ Dom: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Cremation Ground Worker, Bamboo Worker.
đŗ Bhangi/Valmiki: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Street and Sewage Cleaner.
đŗ Mala: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Burying the Dead, Maintaining Cemeteries.
đŗ Madiga: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Leather Processing, Drum Making.
đŗ Khatik: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Butcher, Animal Slaughterer.
Does that mean that for generations, everyone must remain in the same profession? Is changing professions not allowed?
Removing "Sinha" and "Muhammad" from my name during my school life is one of the best decisions that I have ever made. It was a step towards achieving humanity. Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, Jew, atheist, Sunni, Shia, Brahmin, Dalit, Catholic, Protestant, Bangali, French, Japanese, Mongolian, Somali, Chakma, Marma, white, black, female, male - the first identity of all of us is, we are human.
Thank you
Tawhidur Rahman Dear
21 October 2025
đĸ āĻāĻু āĻাāϤ - āύিāĻু āĻাāϤেāϰ āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝāϰ āĻ āĻŦāϏাāύে āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āĻাāĻāĻেāϞেāϰ āĻŦিāϞুāĻĒ্āϤি đĸ
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āĻ্āĻāϞেāĻ āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী āĻĻেāĻা āϝাāϝ়।
āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āϧāϰ্āĻŽেāϰ āĻ
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- āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ: āĻ্āĻাāύ, āĻļিāĻ্āώা, āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤেāϰ āĻĻাā§িāϤ্āĻŦ।
- āĻ্āώāϤ্āϰিā§: āĻļাāϏāύ, āϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻাāϞāύা, āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ।
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- āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ: āϏেāĻŦা, āĻļ্āϰāĻŽ।
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āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻāύীāϝ় āĻিāύ্āϤু "āĻ
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āϝāĻāύ āĻাāϰāϤীāϝ় āĻāĻĒāĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻ
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āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻāĻŦ্āĻŦাāϰ āϏাāĻāĻĄেāϰ āϏāĻāϞ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāĻĒুāϰুāώ āĻ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāύাāϰী āĻāϤ āĻā§েāĻ āĻļāϤাāĻŦ্āĻĻী āϝাāĻŦāϤ āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻŦāϞে āĻাāύি। āĻļুāϧু āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻĻাāĻĻাāϰ āĻāĻ āĻোāĻāĻŦোāύ "āĻŦāĻুāϞ" āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻāϞাāĻাāϞীāύ āϏāĻŽā§ে āĻāύাāϰ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŦā§āĻĢ্āϰেāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĒাāϞিā§ে āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻāϏাāĻŽে āĻāϞে āϝাāύ, āĻ āϤাāĻে āĻŦিā§ে āĻāϰেāύ। āĻŦিā§েāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻāύ্āĻŽāϏূāϤ্āϰে āĻ
āϰ্āĻিāϤ āĻāϏāϞাāĻŽ āϧāϰ্āĻŽ āϤ্āϝাāĻ āĻāϰে āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āϧāϰ্āĻŽ āĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰেāύ।
āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻĒāύাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻিāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻুāϰ "āϏিāύāĻšা" āϰā§েāĻেāύঃ
✨ āϏোāύাāĻ্āώী āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻāύāĻĒ্āϰিāϝ় āĻŦāϞিāĻāĻĄ āĻ
āĻিāύেāϤ্āϰী।
✨ āĻŽāύোāĻ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻāĻŽ্āĻŽু āĻ āĻাāĻļ্āĻŽীāϰেāϰ āϞেāĻĢāĻেāύ্āϝাāύ্āĻ āĻāĻāϰ্āύāϰ; āϰাāĻāύীāϤিāĻŦিāĻĻ āĻ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ্āϤāύ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী।
✨ āϝāĻļāĻŦāύ্āϤ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ্āϤāύ āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻ āĻĒāϰāϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী।
✨ āύীāϤিāύ āύāĻŦীāύ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ āϏāϰāĻাāϰেāϰ āϏāĻĄ়āĻ āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী।
✨ āϏুāϰেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻুāĻŽাāϰ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏাāĻŦেāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻŦিāĻাāϰāĻĒāϤি।
āĻāϰ āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻĒāύাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻিāϤ "āϏিāύāĻšা" āϝাāϰা āϰā§েāĻেāύঃ
✨ āĻāύিāϏুāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽাāύ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻāĻĒেāĻ্āϏ āĻ
্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āϏিāύāĻšা āĻেāĻ্āϏāĻাāĻāϞ āĻ্āϰুāĻĒেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāϤা।
✨ āĻŽিāĻাāύুāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽাāύ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏাāĻŦেāĻ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻ āϏংāϏāĻĻ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ।
āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻাāĻāĻেāϞেāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰেāĻ āĻেāύ্āĻĄাāϰ āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ। āĻŽাā§েāϰ āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āĻাāĻāĻেāϞ āĻি āĻāύ্āϝ āϏāύ্āϤাāύেāϰ āĻšāĻŦে āύা? āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻāĻŽ্āĻŽাāϰ āύাāĻŽ āϏাāϞāĻŽা āĻāĻāϤাāϰ āĻļিāĻāϞি। āĻāĻŽাāϰ āύাāύাāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻāĻŽ. āĻ. āĻŦাāϏেāϤ। āĻāĻŽাāϰ āύাāύাāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āĻাāĻāĻেāϞ āĻাāϤীā§ āĻিāĻু āύাāĻ। āϝāĻĻিāĻ āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻāĻŽ্āĻŽাāϰ āĻাāĻāĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে "āĻŦাāϰী" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা āĻāĻে - āĻļāĻĢিāĻুāϞ āĻŦাāϰী āĻāĻŦু, āϏাāĻেāĻĻুāϞ āĻŦাāϰী āĻĻুāĻĻু, āϏাāĻāĻĻুāϞ āĻŦাāϰী āĻŦাāĻŦāϞু, āĻļāϰāĻĢুāϞ āĻŦাāϰী āϞাāĻŦু āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āĻ
āύেāĻ āύাāϰী āĻŦিā§েāϰ āĻĒāϰ āύিāĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻ
্āϝাāĻĢিāĻĄেāĻিāĻ āĻāϰে āϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽীāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ "āĻাāĻāĻেāϞ" āύিāĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ
āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻāϰেāύ। āĻŦāϞিāĻāĻĄ āύাā§িāĻা āĻাāϰিāύা āĻাāĻĒুāϰ āϤাāϰ āĻŦিā§েāϰ āĻĒāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻāϰে āĻšā§ে āϝাāύ "āĻাāϰিāύা āĻাāĻĒুāϰ āĻাāύ"। āĻāĻাāĻ āĻāĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻেāύ্āĻĄাāϰ āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ। āϤাāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽী āϏাāĻāĻĢ āĻāϞী āĻাāύ āĻিāύ্āϤু "āϏাāĻāĻĢ āĻāϞী āĻাāύ āĻাāĻĒুāϰ" āĻšāύ āύি।
āϝাāĻĻেāϰ āύিāĻেāϰ āĻোāύ āϝোāĻ্āϝāϤা āύাāĻ, āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ
āύ্āϝ āĻাāϰো āĻাāĻāĻেāϞ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে āĻĒাāϰিāĻŦাāϰিāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻŦ āĻŦāĻাā§ āϰাāĻāϤে āĻāĻ্āϰāĻšী, āϤাāϰা āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āĻাāĻāĻেāϞ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে। āĻāĻŽাāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϏিāύāĻšা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা āĻিāϞ। āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻĒুāϰো āύাāĻŽ āĻিāϞ "āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻĻ āϤাāĻāĻšীāĻĻুāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽাāύ āϏিāύāĻšা āĻĄিā§াāϰ"। āĻāĻŽি āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤীāϤে āĻ্āϞাāϏ āύাāĻāύে āϰেāĻিāϏ্āĻ্āϰেāĻļāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ "āϏিāύāĻšা" āĻāĻŦং "āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻĻ" āĻĻুāĻোāĻ āĻŦাāĻĻ āĻĻিā§ে āĻĻেāĻ। āϤāĻāύ āĻĨেāĻে āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻāϤ āϝোāĻ্āϝāϤাāϰ āϏাāϰ্āĻিāĻĢিāĻেāĻ, āĻাāϤীā§ āĻĒāϰিāĻā§āĻĒāϤ্āϰ, āϏāĻāϞ āϏāϰāĻাāϰি āĻĄāĻুāĻŽেāύ্āĻāϏে āĻāĻŽাāϰ āύাāĻŽ āϤাāĻāĻšীāĻĻুāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽাāύ āĻĄিā§াāϰ। āĻāϰো āϏংāĻ্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āĻāϰে āĻĄিā§াāϰ āϞিāĻāϞে āĻাāϞো āĻšāϤ।
āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻāĻা āĻ
ংāĻļেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻাāϤ-āĻĒাāϤ āύিā§ে āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻā§াāĻŦāĻš āĻĒ্āϰāĻāĻ। āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāĻĻেāϰ āĻাāϰāĻি āĻŦāϰ্āύেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖāϰা āϏāϰ্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ "āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽাāύ" -āĻāϰ āĻ
āϧিāĻাāϰী, āĻāϰ āĻ
āύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰাā§ āϏāĻŦাāĻ āύিāĻু āĻাāϤেāϰ। āϏāĻŦāĻেā§ে āĻাāϰাāĻĒ āĻ
āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ āĻ āĻĻāϞিāϤāϰ। āĻāĻŽি āĻĸাāĻাāϰ āĻেāϞে। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āϝāĻĻিāĻ āĻŦāϰ্āύāĻĒ্āϰāĻĨা āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āύাāĻ, āϤāĻŦে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻাāϤীā§ āĻ āĻāĻ্āĻāϞিāĻ āĻĒāϰ্āϝাā§ে āϰাāĻāύৈāϤিāĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ āĻŦāϞে āĻāĻāĻা āĻŦিāώ⧠āĻāĻে। āĻļেāĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ, āĻিā§া āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ, āĻŽোāϞ্āϞা āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ। āĻāύ্āύāϤ āϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰেāĻ āĻāĻে, āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻŦুāĻļ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ। āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āύিāĻৃāώ্āĻ āĻŦāϰ্āύāĻĒ্āϰāĻĨা āύিā§ে āĻ
āύেāĻ āĻāĻŽā§āĻাāϰ āĻāϞāĻ্āĻিāϤ্āϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āĻšā§েāĻে। āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻāϝোāĻ্āϝ Sujata (1959), Fandry (2013), Article 15 (2015), Masaan (2015), Sairat (2016), Dhadak (2018) Dhadak 2 (2025) āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āĻļুāϧু āĻি āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāϰা āĻাāϰ্āĻেāĻ āĻšā§? āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻ
āύেāĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻ āĻ্āϰিāϏ্āĻাāύāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻাāĻŦিāĻ āĻāĻāύা। āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāϰা āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻাāĻŦে āĻĒূāĻা āĻ
āϰ্āĻāύা āĻāϰāϞে āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻি?, āĻāϰ āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻাāĻŦে āύাāĻŽাāĻ āϰোāĻা āĻāϰāϞে āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻি?
āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ āĻি? āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āĻāĻāύ āĻāϰে āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āĻাāĻāĻেāϞ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻāϰা। āύাāĻŽ āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āĻ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻে āĻļুāϧু āύিāĻেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āύাāĻŽে āĻĒāϰিāĻিāϤ āĻšāĻŦেāύ। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ
✅ āϏোāύাāĻ্āώী āϏিāύāĻšাāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āϏোāύাāĻ্āώী
✅ āĻ
āĻŽিāϤাāĻ āĻŦāĻ্āĻāύেāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ
āĻŽিāϤাāĻ
✅ āĻšৃāϤিāĻ āϰোāĻļāύেāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āĻšৃāϤিāĻ
✅ āĻŽāĻŽāϤা āĻŦ্āϝাāύাāϰ্āĻীāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āĻŽāĻŽāϤা
✅ āύāϰেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻŽোāĻĻীāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āύāϰেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ
✅ āĻাāϞেāĻĻা āĻিā§াāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āĻাāϞেāĻĻা
✅ āĻļেāĻ āĻšাāϏিāύাāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āĻšাāϏিāύা
āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āĻāĻāύ āĻ
āύুāϝাā§ী āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻে āĻļুāϧু āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āύাāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦেāύ। āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻĻাāĻĻা, āĻĻাāĻĻী, āύাāύা, āύাāύী, āĻŦাāĻŦা, āĻŽা, āĻŦā§ āĻাāĻ, āĻŦā§ āĻŦোāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāĻেāύ, āĻŦা āĻāϰেāĻেāύ āĻāĻŽāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাāĻŦে āύা। āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϧাāϰāύা āĻ
āϤāĻা āĻāĻ িāύ āĻিāĻু āύা। āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ্āϤāύ āĻŽুāĻ্āϝāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻŽাāϝ়াāĻŦāϤী āĻেāĻŦāϞ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰেāĻেāύ। āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻŽিāĻোāϰাāĻŽ āϰাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āϏংāĻ্āϝাāĻāϰিāώ্āĻ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āĻ। āĻŦāϞিāĻāĻĄেāϰ āĻোāĻŦিāύ্āĻĻ, āĻাāĻāϞ, āϰেāĻা, āĻাāĻŦু, āĻĒāϤ্āϰāϞেāĻা āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽে āĻĒāϰিāĻিāϤ। āĻ
āύেāĻ āύāĻŦী āϰাāϏুāϞ āĻ āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽে āĻĒāϰিāĻিāϤ : āĻāĻĻāĻŽ, āĻšাāĻā§া, āĻŽুāϏা, āĻāĻŦ্āϰাāĻšীāĻŽ, āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻĻ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āϰাāĻāύৈāϤিāĻ āϤাāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦিāĻ āĻĒ্āϞেāĻো, āϏāĻ্āϰেāĻিāϏ, āĻ
্āϝাāϰিāϏ্āĻāĻāϞেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ।
āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻāĻŽাāϰ āύিāĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻোāύ āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āĻাāĻāĻেāϞ āύাāĻ, āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰেāĻ āĻāĻ āĻāĻāύেāϰ āĻাāϰāĻŖে ✅ āĻāĻŽাāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে "āĻĄিā§াāϰ"।
āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āύāĻেāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨা āĻā§āĻ্āĻāϰ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ āĻŦ্āϝাāϧি। āĻ
āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāĻ āϏāĻŽāĻ্āϰ āĻাāϰāϤে āϤা āĻšāĻ্āĻে āύা, āĻāĻŦং āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āϏāĻŦ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāĻ āĻĻাā§ী āύā§। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻĒ্āϰাā§āĻ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিāϰে āĻšাāĻŽāϞা āĻ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦাā§িāϤে āĻ āĻĻোāĻাāύে āĻ
āĻ্āύিāϏংāϝোāĻেāϰ āĻāĻāύা āĻāĻে। āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻŦোāĻŽা āĻšাāĻŽāϞাāϰ āĻāĻāύাāĻ āĻāĻেāĻে। āĻিāύ্āϤু āϤাāϰ āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨ āĻāĻ āύ⧠āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏāĻāϞ āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĻাā§ী। āĻāĻāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻšāϞ, āĻাāϰāϤে āĻিāĻু āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āĻিāĻু āĻŦāϰ্āύāĻেāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨাāϰ āύাāĻŽে āĻি āĻāĻে?
đ āĻāĻ্āĻāĻŦāϰ্āĻŖেāϰ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāϰা āύিāĻŽ্āύāĻŦāϰ্āĻŖেāϰ āϞোāĻāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻাāĻā§া āĻšāϤে āĻŦিāϰāϤ āĻĨাāĻেāύ। āĻĻāϞিāϤ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖীāϰ āϰাāύ্āύা āĻাāĻā§া āϝাāĻŦে āύা। āĻāĻŽāύāĻি āĻāĻāĻ āĻšোāĻেāϞে āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻĒাāϤিāϞে āϰাāύ্āύা āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāϰ āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻĒ্āϞেāĻে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāύ āĻāϰা āĻšā§।
đ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϰ্āύেāϰ āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ āĻŽেāϞাāĻŽেāĻļা āĻŦāύ্āϧ।
đ āĻĻāϞিāϤāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিāϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļ, āϏāϰāĻাāϰি āĻুāϝ়ো āĻĨেāĻে āĻĒাāύি āĻāĻ াāύো āύেāĻāϝ়া āĻŦা āĻāĻ্āĻāĻŦāϰ্āĻŖেāϰ āĻĻোāĻাāύ āĻĨেāĻে āĻিāύিāϏ āĻেāύা āύিāώেāϧ।
đ āĻ
āύেāĻ āĻ্āϰাāĻŽে āĻĻāϞিāϤāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦāϏāĻŦাāϏেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻĒাāĻĄ়া āĻĨাāĻে।
đ āĻĻāϞিāϤ āĻļিāĻļুāϰা āĻ
āύেāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻāĻ্āĻāĻŦāϰ্āĻŖেāϰ āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ āĻŦা āϏāĻšāĻĒাāĻ ীāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻ্āϰāĻŽāĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻāϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻļিāĻাāϰ āĻšāϝ়, āϝাāϰ āĻĢāϞে āϤাāϰা āĻĒāĻĄ়াāĻļোāύা āĻেāĻĄ়ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻāĻāύো āĻāĻāύো āĻĻāϞিāϤ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻŦāϏāϤে āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ় āĻŦা āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖীāĻāĻ্āώেāϰ āĻাāϰ্āϝāĻ্āϰāĻŽে āĻ
ংāĻļ āύিāϤে āĻŦাāϧা āĻĻেāĻāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়।
đ āĻ
āύেāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻĻāϞিāϤāϰা āύিāĻ্āϰāĻšেāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻāĻāύি āϞāĻĄ়াāĻ āĻāϰāϤে āĻেāϞে āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύিāĻ āϏ্āϤāϰে āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤা āĻĒাāϝ় āύা।
đ āĻĻāϞিāϤ āĻ āĻāĻ্āĻāĻŦāϰ্āĻŖেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰেāĻŽ āĻŦা āĻŦিāϝ়েāϰ āĻāĻāύাāϝ় "āĻ
āύাāϰ āĻিāϞিং" āĻŦা āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽাāύ āϰāĻ্āώাāϰ্āĻĨে āĻšāϤ্āϝাāϰ āĻāĻāύা āĻāĻে।
āĻ
āĻŦāĻļ্āϝ āϏাāĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝāĻĒূāϰ্āύ āĻিāĻু āĻāĻāύা āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāĻ āĻšā§। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻিāĻু āĻ
ংāĻļে āĻŦাāĻাāϞিāϰা āϏ্āĻĨাāύীā§ āϏংāĻ্āϝাāϞāĻু āύৃāϤাāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦিāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাā§ āϏাঁāĻāϤাāϞāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻāĻāϤ্āϰে āĻšোāĻেāϞে āĻাāĻŦে āύা।
āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦāϤ্āϰ, āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻāϰে āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻঁāĻু āĻাāϤ - āύিāĻু āĻাāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻŦিāϞুāĻĒ্āϤিāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ āĻāĻ āĻŦৈāĻĒ্āϞāĻŦিāĻ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ্āώেāĻĒ। āϰাāϤাāϰাāϤি āĻāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āϏুāĻĢāϞ āĻĒাāĻā§া āϝাāĻŦে āύা। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻāĻে āĻĨেāĻে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϞে āĻšā§āϤ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϏāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāϰিāĻā§ āĻšāĻŦে "āĻŽাāύুāώ"। āĻāĻা āĻি āĻ
āϏāĻŽ্āĻāĻŦ āĻিāĻু? āĻāĻেāĻŦাāϰেāĻ āύা। āĻāĻŽি āϏ্āĻুāϞে āĻĨাāĻāϤেāĻ āĻāĻŽাāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĨাāĻা "āϏিāύāĻšা" āĻ "āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻĻ" āĻĻুāĻোāĻ āĻŦাāĻĻ āĻĻিā§ে āĻĻিā§েāĻি। āĻāĻĒāύিāĻ āĻĒাāϰāĻŦেāύ।
āĻāĻāĻে āĻĨেāĻে āĻĻুāĻāĻļ āĻŦা āĻাāϰāĻļ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻে āĻি āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āύিā§āĻিāϤ āĻিāϞ, āϤাāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻিāϤ্āϤি āĻāϰে āĻŦংāĻļেāϰ āύাāĻŽāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻšā§। āĻāĻāĻি āϏংāĻ্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āϤাāϞিāĻা āĻĻেāĻা āϝাāĻ। āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ, āύিāĻেāϰ āϤাāϞিāĻাāĻা āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻāĻিāĻĒিāĻĄিā§া āĻĨেāĻে āύিā§েāĻি, āϤাāĻ āĻুāϞāĻ্āϰাāύ্āϤি āĻĨাāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। ⧍ā§āĻি āϤāĻĨাāĻāĻĨিāϤ āĻŦংāĻļীā§ āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦীāϰ āϤাāϞিāĻাঃ
đŗ āĻŽুāĻোāĻĒাāϧ্āϝাā§ āĻŦা āĻŽুāĻাāϰ্āĻী: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ (āϰাāĻĸ়ী)। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤ, āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ, āĻŦৈāĻĻিāĻ āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ।
đŗ āĻāĻ্āĻোāĻĒাāϧ্āϝাāϝ় āĻŦা āĻ্āϝাāĻাāϰ্āĻি: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ (āϰাāĻĸ়ী)। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤ, āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ, āĻĻাāϰ্āĻļāύিāĻ।
đŗ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻ্āϝোāĻĒাāϧ্āϝাā§ āĻŦা āĻŦ্āϝাāύাāϰ্āĻী: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ (āϰাāĻĸ়ী)। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤ, āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ।
đŗ āĻাāĻ্āĻুāϞি: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤ, āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ, āϧāϰ্āĻŽীāϝ় āύেāϤা।
đŗ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŽাāĻŖিāĻ: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ/āĻাāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āύāĻĨিāĻĒāϤ্āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖāĻাāϰী āĻāϰ্āĻŽāĻāϰ্āϤা, āĻĻāϞিāϞ āϏাāĻ্āώী।
đŗ āĻļāϰ্āĻŽা: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ। āĻāĻāĻি āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻāύীāύ āĻāĻĒাāϧি, āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤ āĻ āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ।
đŗ āĻĻেāĻŦ: (āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ āĻŦংāĻļোāĻĻ্āĻূāϤ) āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻĻেāĻŦāϤাāϰ āϏেāĻŦāĻ, āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাāϰ, āĻŦা āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽাāύāϏূāĻāĻ āĻāĻĒাāϧি।
đŗ āĻোāĻĒā§া: āĻ্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাāϰ, āĻৃāώāĻ, āϏাāĻŽāϰিāĻ āĻŦাāĻšিāύীāϰ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ।
đŗ āϏিāϏোāĻĻিā§া: āĻ্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻļাāϏāĻ āĻ āϝোāĻĻ্āϧা।
đŗ āϏিāύāĻšা: āĻ্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়/āĻাāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āϝোāĻĻ্āϧা, āĻļাāϏāĻ, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāĻ।
đŗ āϰাā§: āĻ্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়/āĻাāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাāϰ, āĻļাāϏāĻ, āϰাāĻāϏ্āĻŦ āĻāϰ্āĻŽāĻāϰ্āϤা।
đŗ āĻĻāϤ্āϤ: āĻ্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়/āĻাāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাāϰ, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāĻ, āĻĻাāύāĻļীāϞ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি।
đŗ āĻোāώ: āĻ্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়/āĻাāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻĻুāĻ্āϧāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏাāϝ়ী, āĻোāĻĒাāϞāĻ, āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏাāϝ়ী।
đŗ āĻŦāϏু āĻŦা āĻŦোāϏ: āĻ্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়/āĻাāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাāϰ, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāĻ।
đŗ āĻাāĻĒুāϰ: āĻŦৈāĻļ্āϝ। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏাāϝ়ী, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāĻ, āĻ্āϞাāϰ্āĻ।
đŗ āĻāĻāϰāĻā§াāϞ: āĻŦৈāĻļ্āϝ। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏাāϝ়ী, āĻŦāĻŖিāĻ।
đŗ āĻুāĻŽাāϰ: āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻŽৃā§āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী।
đŗ āϝাāĻĻāĻŦ: āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ। āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻāϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻোāĻĒাāϞāĻ, āĻৃāώāĻ।
đŗ āĻŽāύ্āĻĄāϞ: āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ। āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āĻ্āϰাāĻŽāĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ, āĻৃāώāĻ āύেāϤা।
đŗ āĻŽেāĻāĻāϝ়াāϞ: āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ। āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻāϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻĒāĻļুāĻĒাāϞāĻ, āĻাāĻŽাāϰ।
đŗ āĻাāĻŽাāϰ: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻāϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻāϰ্āĻŽāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী, āĻুāϤা āϤৈāϰি।
đŗ āϧোāĻŦী: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻāϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻাāĻĒā§ āϧোā§া।
đŗ āĻĄোāĻŽ: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻāϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻļ্āĻŽāĻļাāύেāϰ āĻাāĻ, āĻŦাঁāĻļেāϰ āĻাāĻ।
đŗ āĻাāĻ্āĻী/āĻŦাāϞ্āĻŽীāĻি: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻāϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āϰাāϏ্āϤা āĻ āĻĒāϝ়ঃāύিāώ্āĻাāĻļāύ āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻাāϰāĻ।
đŗ āĻŽাāϞা: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻāϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻŽৃāϤāĻĻেāĻš āϏā§āĻাāϰ, āĻāĻŦāϰāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āϰāĻ্āώāĻŖাāĻŦেāĻ্āώāĻŖ।
đŗ āĻŽাāĻĻিāĻা: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻāϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻāϰ্āĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāĻāϰāĻŖ, āĻĄ্āϰাāĻŽ āϤৈāϰি।
đŗ āĻাāĻিāĻ: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻāϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻŽাংāϏ āĻŦিāĻ্āϰেāϤা, āĻĒāĻļু āĻāĻŦাāĻ।
āϤাāϰ āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨ āĻি āĻŦংāĻļ āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰাā§ āϏāĻŦাāĻ āĻāĻāĻ āĻĒেāĻļাā§ āύিā§োāĻিāϤ āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে? āĻĒেāĻļাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা?
āϏ্āĻুāϞ āϞাāĻāĻĢে āύিāĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāϤে "āϏিāύāĻšা" āĻ "āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻĻ" āĻŽুāĻে āĻĢেāϞা āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻীāĻŦāύেāϰ āϏেāϰা āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤāĻুāϞোāϰ āĻāĻāĻি। āĻŽāύুāώ্āϝāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ
āϰ্āĻāύেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āϧাāĻĒ āĻিāϞ āϏেāĻি। āĻŽুāϏāϞিāĻŽ, āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু, āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āϧ, āĻ্āϰিāϏ্āĻাāύ, āĻāĻšুāĻĻি, āύাāϏ্āϤিāĻ, āϏুāύ্āύি, āĻļিā§া, āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ, āĻĻāϞিāϤ, āĻ্āϝাāĻĨāϞিāĻ, āĻĒ্āϰোāĻেāϏ্āĻেāύ্āĻ, āĻŦাāĻাāϞি, āĻĢ্āϰেāĻ্āĻ, āĻাāĻĒাāύিāĻ, āĻŽāĻ্āĻোāϞিā§াāύ, āϏোāĻŽাāϞিā§াāύ, āĻাāĻāĻŽা, āĻŽাāϰāĻŽা, āĻļ্āĻŦেāϤাāĻ্āĻ, āĻৃāώ্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ, āύাāϰী, āĻĒুāϰুāώ - āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻāϞেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāϰিāĻā§, āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻŽাāύুāώ।
āϧāύ্āϝāĻŦাāĻĻ āϏāĻŦাāĻāĻে
āϤাāĻāĻšীāĻĻুāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽাāύ āĻĄিā§াāϰ
⧍⧧ āĻ
āĻ্āĻোāĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ