Abolition of Family Titles to End the Discrimination Between Upper Caste and Lower Caste

What is my family title actually? "Sinha"? My father's full name is Abul Basher Shinha, and my grandfather's name is Abul Kashem Shinha. The surname Sinha is used by both Muslims and Hindus. This Sinha surname is primarily prevalent in India's Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and some regions of Uttar Pradesh. In Bangladesh, this surname is also found in the Gendaria area of Dhaka and in the Munshiganj district. 

Followers of the Hindu religion are divided into four varnas: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. Brahmins hold the highest status. According to ancient traditions, the responsibilities of individuals from each varna are generally different.

  • Brahmin: Knowledge, education, priestly duties.
  • Kshatriya: Governance, administration, war.
  • Vaishya: Agriculture, animal husbandry, commerce.
  • Shudra: Service, labor.

The Kshatriya, who occupy the second position in this list, are divided into multiple sub-castes or Jat. One of these is the Kayastha. This Kshatriya-originated Kayastha community is further divided into numerous family clans, for example: Sinha, Basu, Ghosh.

Therefore, the hierarchy for Sinha is: Kshatriya Varna ➤ Kayastha Sub-caste ➤ Sinha Family.

The Dalit or "untouchable," exist outside these four varnas who do not belong to any varna. They were traditionally engaged in occupations considered essential for society yet "impure," such as removing dead animals, processing leather, cleaning excrement and waste, working at cremation grounds, etc. Dalit and untouchable refer to the same group; however, "Dalit" is a term of pride and political acceptance, whereas "untouchable" is an offensive and derogatory slur.

When the Sufi saints began spreading Islam in the Indian subcontinent, many Hindu families converted to Islam. Dalits and Shudras were at the forefront of this movement, seeking liberation from the oppression of the Brahmin varnas. Subsequently, at a certain point, a segment of the Sinhas converted to Islam. However, these converted Sinha families retained their ancestral surname as a legacy of their forefathers. This is why the Sinha surname exists among both Muslim and Hindu communities.

To my knowledge, all of my ancestors on my father's side were Muslim for several centuries. However, my grandfather's younger sister, "Bokul," during the Second World War, ran away with her Hindu boyfriend to what is now Assam, India, and married him. Before the marriage, she renounced the Islamic faith she was born into and converted to Hinduism. 

There are many well-known "Sinhas" among Hindus that you may be familiar with:

✨ Sonakshi Sinha - A popular Bollywood actress from India.
✨ Manoj Sinha - The current Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, India; a politician and former minister.
✨ Yashwant Sinha - India's former Finance Minister and External Affairs Minister.
✨ Nitin Nabin Sinha - Minister of Road Construction, Government of Bihar, India.
✨ Surendra Kumar Sinha - Former Chief Justice of Bangladesh.

And among Muslims, here are some "Sinhas" you may know:

✨ Anisur Rahman Sinha - Founder of the Opex and Sinha Textile Group in Bangladesh.
✨ Mizanur Rahman Sinha - Former Minister and Member of Parliament in Bangladesh.

Gender discrimination also exists in the context of name titles. Why shouldn't a child carry their mother's family title? My mother's name is Salma Akhter Sheuly. My maternal grandfather's name is M. A. Baset. There is no family title in my grandfather's name. Although, my mother's brothers have the word "Bari" in their names - Shafiqul Bari Abu, Sajedul Bari Dudu, Saidul Bari Bablu, Shorful Bari Labu, etc. Many women, after marriage, officially add their husband's name "title" to their own names through an affidavit. For example, the Bollywood actress Kareena Kapoor changed name to "Kareena Kapoor Khan" after her marriage. This is also a form of gender discrimination. However, her husband, Saif Ali Khan, did not become "Saif Ali Khan Kapoor." 

Those who have no qualifications of their own, or are interested in maintaining family influence by using someone else's title, use family titles. My name previously included the word "Sinha." My full name was "Muhammad Tawhidur Rahman Sinha Dear." Later, during class nine registration, I removed both "Sinha" and "Muhammad." Since then, my name on all educational certificates, National ID Card, and government documents has been Tawhidur Rahman Dear. It would have been even better if it were shortened to just "Dear."

The problem of casteism is acute among a section of Hindus in India. Among the four Hindu varnas, Brahmins hold the highest "respect," while almost everyone else is considered a lower caste. Shudras and Dalits are facing the worst situation. I am a man from Dhaka. Although Bangladesh does not have the problem of casteism. But at the national and regional levels in Bangladesh, there is the issue of political families - the Sheikh family, the Zia family, the Mollah family. Even developed countries have them, like the Bush family. Many excellent films have been made about India's deplorable caste system. Notable ones include Sujata (1959), Fandry (2013), Article 15 (2015), Masaan (2015), Sairat (2016), Dhadak (2018), Dhadak 2 (2025), etc. Are only Hindus being targeted? In many parts of India, attacks on Muslims and Christians are common occurrences. If Hindus freely perform their Puja, why should it be a problem for Muslims? And if Muslims freely perform their Namaz and Roza, why should it be a problem for Hindus? 

What is the solution to this problem? Directly by enacting a law to stop the use of family titles. Names will always consist of a single word. Everyone will be known only by their core name. For example:

✅ Sonakshi Sinha's new name would be Sonakshi
✅ Amitabh Bachchan's new name would be Amitabh
✅ Hrithik Roshan's new name would be Hrithik
✅ Mamata Banerjee's new name would be Mamata
✅ Narendra Modi's new name would be Narendra
✅ Khaleda Zia's new name would be Khaleda
✅ Sheikh Hasina's new name would be Hasina

Therefore, according to the law, everyone would be allowed to use only a single-word name. Furthermore, you cannot use a name that your paternal and maternal grandparents, parents, or elder siblings are using or had used. The concept of a single-word name isn't particularly difficult. Mayawati, former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, used only a single-word name. The majority of people in the Indian state of Mizoram have single-word names. Bollywood stars like Govinda, Kajol, Rekha, Tabu, Patralekha are known by single-word names. Many prophets, messengers, and their family members are known by single-word names: Adam, Eve, Moses, Abraham, Muhammad etc. The political theorists Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle also had single-word names.

Currently, my own name doesn't have any family title attached to it. Nevertheless, under this new law, ✅ my new name would be "Dear".

India's caste system is a terrible mental disease. Certainly, this is not the case across the entire country, and not all Hindus in India are responsible for it. In Bangladesh, for instance, attacks on Hindu temples and arson attacks on Hindu houses and shops often occur. Bomb attacks also happened at various times. But that does not mean all Muslims in Bangladesh are responsible for it. Now the question is, what happens in the name of this caste system in some parts of India?

😠 High-caste Hindus refrain from eating with lower-caste people. Food cooked by Dalits cannot be eaten. Even in the same hotel, food is cooked in separate pots and served on separate plates.
😠 Social interaction between the two castes is prohibited.
😠 Dalits are forbidden from entering temples, drawing water from public wells, or shopping at high-caste-owned stores.
😠 In many villages, there are separate residential areas for Dalits.
😠 Dalit children often face aggressive behavior from high-caste teachers or classmates, forcing them to drop out of school. Sometimes, Dalit students are forced to sit separately or are prevented from participating in classroom activities.
😠 Often, when Dalits try to legally fight against persecution, they receive no support from the police or administrative levels.
😠 In cases of love or marriage between a Dalit and a high-caste, "honor killings" occur.

However, similar incidents also occur in Bangladesh. In some parts of Bangladesh, Bangalis will not eat with the Saotals, a local minority ethnic community, in the same hotel.

This revolutionary step is necessary to abolish such systems everywhere in the world, especially the high caste-low caste system in India. The benefits of this system will not be achieved overnight. But if we start today, perhaps 50 years from now, everyone's primary identity will be "human." Is that something impossible? Not at all. I myself removed both "Sinha" and "Muhammad" from my name while I was in school. You can do it too.

Family names were often derived from the occupations people were engaged in two to four hundred years ago. Let's look at a short list. Note that I took the list below from Wikipedia, so there may be mistakes. Here is the list of 27 so-called family titles. 

đŸ˜ŗ Mukhopadhyay or Mukherjee: Brahmin (Rathi). Profession: Priest, Head Teacher, Vedic Scholar.
đŸ˜ŗ Chattopadhyay or Chatterjee: Brahmin (Rathi). Profession: Priest, Teacher, Philosopher.
đŸ˜ŗ Bandyopadhyay or Banerjee: Brahmin (Rathi). Profession: Priest, Teacher.
đŸ˜ŗ Ganguly: Brahmin. Profession: Priest, Teacher, Religious Leader.
đŸ˜ŗ Pramanik: Brahmin/Kayastha. Profession: Record-verifying Officer, Document Witness.
đŸ˜ŗ Sharma: Brahmin. A universal title, Profession: Priest and Scholar.
đŸ˜ŗ Dev: (Brahmin lineage) Profession: Servant of God, Landlord, or Honorary Title.
đŸ˜ŗ Chopra: Kshatriya. Profession: Landlord, Farmer, Military personnel.
đŸ˜ŗ Sisodia: Kshatriya. Profession: Ruler and Warrior.
đŸ˜ŗ Sinha: Kshatriya/Kayastha. Profession: Warrior, Ruler, Administrator.
đŸ˜ŗ Ray: Kshatriya/Kayastha. Profession: Landlord, Ruler, Revenue Officer.
đŸ˜ŗ Dutt: Kshatriya/Kayastha. Profession: Landlord, Administrator, Philanthropist.
đŸ˜ŗ Ghosh: Kshatriya/Kayastha. Profession: Dairy Farmer, Cattle Herder, Businessman.
đŸ˜ŗ Basu or Bose: Kshatriya/Kayastha. Profession: Landlord, Administrator.
đŸ˜ŗ Kapoor: Vaishya. Profession: Businessman, Administrator, Clerk.
đŸ˜ŗ Agarwal: Vaishya. Profession: Businessman, Merchant.
đŸ˜ŗ Kumar: Shudra. Profession: Potter.
đŸ˜ŗ Yadav: Shudra. Traditional Profession: Cattle Herder, Farmer.
đŸ˜ŗ Mandal: Shudra. Profession: Village Chief, Farmer Leader.
đŸ˜ŗ Meghwal: Shudra. Traditional Profession: Animal Herder, Blacksmith.
đŸ˜ŗ Chamar: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Leatherworker, Shoemaker.
đŸ˜ŗ Dhobi: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Washerman.
đŸ˜ŗ Dom: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Cremation Ground Worker, Bamboo Worker.
đŸ˜ŗ Bhangi/Valmiki: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Street and Sewage Cleaner.
đŸ˜ŗ Mala: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Burying the Dead, Maintaining Cemeteries.
đŸ˜ŗ Madiga: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Leather Processing, Drum Making.
đŸ˜ŗ Khatik: Dalit. Traditional Profession: Butcher, Animal Slaughterer.

Does that mean that for generations, everyone must remain in the same profession? Is changing professions not allowed? 

Removing "Sinha" and "Muhammad" from my name during my school life is one of the best decisions that I have ever made. It was a step towards achieving humanity. Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, Jew, atheist, Sunni, Shia, Brahmin, Dalit, Catholic, Protestant, Bangali, French, Japanese, Mongolian, Somali, Chakma, Marma, white, black, female, male - the first identity of all of us is, we are human. 


Thank you
Tawhidur Rahman Dear
21 October 2025 

 

 

 

đŸŸĸ āωāϚু āϜাāϤ - āύিāϚু āϜাāϤেāϰ āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏাāύে āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āϟাāχāϟেāϞেāϰ āĻŦিāϞুāĻĒ্āϤি đŸŸĸ  

āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āϟাāχāϟেāϞ āφāϏāϞে āĻ•ি? "āϏিāύāĻšা"? āφāĻŽাāϰ āφāĻŦ্āĻŦাāϰ āĻĒুāϰো āύাāĻŽ āφāĻŦুāϞ āĻŦাāĻļাāϰ āϏিāύāĻšা, āφāϰ āĻĻাāĻĻাāϰ āύাāĻŽ āφāĻŦুāϞ āĻ•াāĻļেāĻŽ āϏিāύāĻšা। āϏিāύāĻšা āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻ“ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āωāϭ⧟āχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻāχ āϏিāύāĻšা āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦীāϟি āĻŽূāϞāϤ āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ, āĻাāĻĄ়āĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄ, āĻĒāĻļ্āϚিāĻŽāĻŦāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ“ āωāϤ্āϤāϰāĻĒ্āϰāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāϚāϞিāϤ। āϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻĸাāĻ•াāϰ āĻ—েāύ্āĻĄাāϰিāϝ়া āĻ“ āĻŽুāύ্āϏীāĻ—āĻž্āϜ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞেāĻ“ āĻāχ āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ়। 

āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āϧāϰ্āĻŽেāϰ āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰীāĻŦৃāύ্āĻĻ āϚাāϰāϟি āĻŦāϰ্āύে āĻŦিāĻ­āĻ•্āϤঃ āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ, āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰি⧟, āĻŦৈāĻļ্āϝ, āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ। āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ āϏāϰ্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ• āĻŽāϰ্āϝাāĻĻাāϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ। āĻĒ্āϰাāϚীāύ āύি⧟āĻŽাāύুāϝা⧟ী āĻāĻ•েāĻ• āĻŦāϰ্āύেāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰীāϰ āĻĻা⧟িāϤ্āĻŦ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻ•েāĻ• āϰāĻ•āĻŽ।

  • āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ: āϜ্āĻžাāύ, āĻļিāĻ•্āώা, āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤেāϰ āĻĻা⧟িāϤ্āĻŦ।
  • āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰি⧟: āĻļাāϏāύ, āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰ āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāύা, āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ।
  • āĻŦৈāĻļ্āϝ: āĻ•ৃāώি, āĻĒāĻļুāĻĒাāϞāύ, āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ।
  • āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ: āϏেāĻŦা, āĻļ্āϰāĻŽ।

āĻāχ āϤাāϞিāĻ•াāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύে āϝে āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰি⧟, āϤা āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āϜাāϤে āĻŦিāĻ­āĻ•্āϤ। āϤাāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ•া⧟āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻāχ āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰি⧟ āĻŦংāĻļোāĻĻ্āĻ­ূāϤ āĻ•া⧟āϏ্āĻĨ āφāĻŦাāϰ āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻĒাāϰিāĻŦাāϰিāĻ• āĻ—োāϤ্āϰে āĻŦিāĻ­āĻ•্āϤ, āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏ্āĻŦāϰূāĻĒঃ āϏিāύāĻšা, āĻŦāϏু, āϘোāώ। 

āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āϏিāύāĻšাāϰ āĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āĻšāϞ āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰি⧟ āĻŦāϰ্āύ ➤ āĻ•া⧟āϏ্āĻĨ āϜাāϤ ➤ āϏিāύāĻšা āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ। 

āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–িāϤ āϚাāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āύেāϰ āĻŦাāχāϰে āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āĻĻāϞিāϤ āĻŦা āĻ…āϚ্āĻ›ুāϤ, āϝাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻŦāϰ্āύেāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰী āύ⧟। āϤাāϰা āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āϏāĻŽাāϜেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻ•িāύ্āϤু "āĻ…āĻĒāĻŦিāϤ্āϰ" āĻŦāϞে āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚিāϤ āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āύি⧟োāϜিāϤ, āϝেāĻŽāύ - āĻŽৃāϤ āĻĒāĻļু āϏāϰাāύো, āϚাāĻŽāĻĄ়া āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāĻ•āϰāĻŖ, āĻŽāϞ-āĻŽূāϤ্āϰ āĻ“ āφāĻŦāϰ্āϜāύা āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰা, āĻļ্āĻŽāĻļাāύে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰা āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āĻĻāϞিāϤ āφāϰ āĻ…āϚ্āĻ›ুāϤ āĻāĻ•āχ; āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĻāϞিāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ—āϰ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻāĻŦং āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ, āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻ…āϚ্āĻ›ুāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…āĻĒāĻŽাāύāϜāύāĻ• āĻāĻŦং āφāĻĒāϤ্āϤিāĻ•āϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ।

āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ­াāϰāϤীāϝ় āωāĻĒāĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻ…āϞি-āφāωāϞিāϝ়াāĻ—āĻŖ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ āϧāϰ্āĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāϚাāϰ āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰেāύ, āϤāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻšু āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ āϧāϰ্āĻŽ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖীāϰ āĻ…āϤ্āϝাāϚাāϰেāϰ āĻšāϤে āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤিāϞাāĻ­েāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĻāϞিāϤ āĻ“ āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰāϰা āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāĻ—াāĻŽী āĻ›িāϞ। āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤীāϤে āĻāĻ• āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟ে āϏিāύāĻšাāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…ংāĻļ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ āϧāϰ্āĻŽ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে। āϤāĻŦে āϧāϰ্āĻŽাāύ্āϤāϰিāϤ āϏিāύāĻšা āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰāĻ—ুāϞো āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāĻĒুāϰুāώেāϰ āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĒুāϰāύো āĻŦংāĻļীāϝ় āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী āĻŦāĻšাāϞ āϰাāĻ–েāύ। āĻāχ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖেāχ āϏিāύāĻšা āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦীāϟি āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻ“ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āωāĻ­āϝ় āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāϝ়েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝেāχ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ।

āφāĻŽাāϰ āφāĻŦ্āĻŦাāϰ āϏাāχāĻĄেāϰ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāĻĒুāϰুāώ āĻ“ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāύাāϰী āĻ—āϤ āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ• āĻļāϤাāĻŦ্āĻĻী āϝাāĻŦāϤ āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻŦāϞে āϜাāύি। āĻļুāϧু āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻĻাāĻĻাāϰ āĻāĻ• āĻ›োāϟāĻŦোāύ "āĻŦāĻ•ুāϞ" āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āϚāϞাāĻ•াāϞীāύ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āωāύাāϰ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŦ⧟āĻĢ্āϰেāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĒাāϞি⧟ে āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āφāϏাāĻŽে āϚāϞে āϝাāύ, āĻ“ āϤাāĻ•ে āĻŦি⧟ে āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻŦি⧟েāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϜāύ্āĻŽāϏূāϤ্āϰে āĻ…āϰ্āϜিāϤ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ āϧāϰ্āĻŽ āϤ্āϝাāĻ— āĻ•āϰে āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āϧāϰ্āĻŽ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύ। 

āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āφāĻĒāύাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϚুāϰ "āϏিāύāĻšা" āϰ⧟েāĻ›েāύঃ 

✨ āϏোāύাāĻ•্āώী āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āϜāύāĻĒ্āϰিāϝ় āĻŦāϞিāωāĻĄ āĻ…āĻ­িāύেāϤ্āϰী।
✨ āĻŽāύোāϜ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āϜāĻŽ্āĻŽু āĻ“ āĻ•াāĻļ্āĻŽীāϰেāϰ āϞেāĻĢāϟেāύ্āϝাāύ্āϟ āĻ—āĻ­āϰ্āύāϰ; āϰাāϜāύীāϤিāĻŦিāĻĻ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্āϤāύ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী।
✨ āϝāĻļāĻŦāύ্āϤ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্āϤāύ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী।
✨ āύীāϤিāύ āύāĻŦীāύ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϏāĻĄ়āĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী।
✨ āϏুāϰেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻ•ুāĻŽাāϰ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏাāĻŦেāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻŦিāϚাāϰāĻĒāϤি।

āφāϰ āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āφāĻĒāύাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ "āϏিāύāĻšা" āϝাāϰা āϰ⧟েāĻ›েāύঃ 

✨ āφāύিāϏুāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽাāύ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒেāĻ•্āϏ āĻ…্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āϏিāύāĻšা āϟেāĻ•্āϏāϟাāχāϞ āĻ—্āϰুāĻĒেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāϤা। 
✨ āĻŽিāϜাāύুāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽাāύ āϏিāύāĻšা - āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏাāĻŦেāĻ• āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻ“ āϏংāϏāĻĻ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ। 

āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϟাāχāϟেāϞেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰেāĻ“ āϜেāύ্āĻĄাāϰ āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ। āĻŽা⧟েāϰ āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āϟাāχāϟেāϞ āĻ•ি āϜāύ্āϝ āϏāύ্āϤাāύেāϰ āĻšāĻŦে āύা? āφāĻŽাāϰ āφāĻŽ্āĻŽাāϰ āύাāĻŽ āϏাāϞāĻŽা āφāĻ–āϤাāϰ āĻļিāωāϞি। āφāĻŽাāϰ āύাāύাāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻāĻŽ. āĻ. āĻŦাāϏেāϤ। āφāĻŽাāϰ āύাāύাāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āϟাāχāϟেāϞ āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āύাāχ। āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āφāĻŽাāϰ āφāĻŽ্āĻŽাāϰ āĻ­াāχāĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে "āĻŦাāϰী" āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟা āφāĻ›ে - āĻļāĻĢিāĻ•ুāϞ āĻŦাāϰী āφāĻŦু, āϏাāϜেāĻĻুāϞ āĻŦাāϰী āĻĻুāĻĻু, āϏাāχāĻĻুāϞ āĻŦাāϰী āĻŦাāĻŦāϞু, āĻļāϰāĻĢুāϞ āĻŦাāϰী āϞাāĻŦু āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āĻ…āύেāĻ• āύাāϰী āĻŦি⧟েāϰ āĻĒāϰ āύিāϜেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻ…্āϝাāĻĢিāĻĄেāĻ­িāϟ āĻ•āϰে āϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽীāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ "āϟাāχāϟেāϞ" āύিāϜেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ…āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻŦāϞিāωāĻĄ āύা⧟িāĻ•া āĻ•াāϰিāύা āĻ•াāĻĒুāϰ āϤাāϰ āĻŦি⧟েāϰ āĻĒāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻšā§Ÿে āϝাāύ "āĻ•াāϰিāύা āĻ•াāĻĒুāϰ āĻ–াāύ"। āĻāϟাāĻ“ āĻāĻ• āϧāϰāύেāϰ āϜেāύ্āĻĄাāϰ āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ। āϤাāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽী āϏাāχāĻĢ āφāϞী āĻ–াāύ āĻ•িāύ্āϤু "āϏাāχāĻĢ āφāϞী āĻ–াāύ āĻ•াāĻĒুāϰ" āĻšāύ āύি। 

āϝাāĻĻেāϰ āύিāϜেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āϝোāĻ—্āϝāϤা āύাāχ, āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•াāϰো āϟাāχāϟেāϞ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒাāϰিāĻŦাāϰিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āĻŦāϜা⧟ āϰাāĻ–āϤে āφāĻ—্āϰāĻšী, āϤাāϰা āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āϟাāχāϟেāϞ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে। āφāĻŽাāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϏিāύāĻšা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟা āĻ›িāϞ। āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻĒুāϰো āύাāĻŽ āĻ›িāϞ "āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻĻ āϤাāĻ“āĻšীāĻĻুāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽাāύ āϏিāύāĻšা āĻĄি⧟াāϰ"। āφāĻŽি āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤীāϤে āĻ•্āϞাāϏ āύাāχāύে āϰেāϜিāϏ্āϟ্āϰেāĻļāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ "āϏিāύāĻšা" āĻāĻŦং "āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻĻ" āĻĻুāϟোāχ āĻŦাāĻĻ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻĻেāχ। āϤāĻ–āύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻ—āϤ āϝোāĻ—্āϝāϤাāϰ āϏাāϰ্āϟিāĻĢিāĻ•েāϟ, āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻĒāϰিāϚ⧟āĻĒāϤ্āϰ, āϏāĻ•āϞ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻĄāĻ•ুāĻŽেāύ্āϟāϏে āφāĻŽাāϰ āύাāĻŽ āϤাāĻ“āĻšীāĻĻুāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽাāύ āĻĄি⧟াāϰ। āφāϰো āϏংāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āĻ•āϰে āĻĄি⧟াāϰ āϞিāĻ–āϞে āĻ­াāϞো āĻšāϤ। 

āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻ…ংāĻļেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϜাāϤ-āĻĒাāϤ āύি⧟ে āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āϭ⧟াāĻŦāĻš āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϟ। āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāĻĻেāϰ āϚাāϰāϟি āĻŦāϰ্āύেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖāϰা āϏāϰ্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ• "āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽাāύ" -āĻāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰী, āφāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ āϏāĻŦাāχ āύিāϚু āϜাāϤেāϰ। āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻ–াāϰাāĻĒ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ āĻ“ āĻĻāϞিāϤāϰ। āφāĻŽি āĻĸাāĻ•াāϰ āĻ›েāϞে। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āĻŦāϰ্āύāĻĒ্āϰāĻĨা āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āύাāχ, āϤāĻŦে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻ“ āφāĻž্āϚāϞিāĻ• āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟ে āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ āĻŦāϞে āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻŦিāώ⧟ āφāĻ›ে। āĻļেāĻ– āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ, āϜি⧟া āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ, āĻŽোāϞ্āϞা āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ। āωāύ্āύāϤ āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰেāĻ“ āφāĻ›ে, āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻŦুāĻļ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ। āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āύিāĻ•ৃāώ্āϟ āĻŦāϰ্āύāĻĒ্āϰāĻĨা āύি⧟ে āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϚāĻŽā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āϚāϞāϚ্āϚিāϤ্āϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–āϝোāĻ—্āϝ Sujata (1959), Fandry (2013), Article 15 (2015), Masaan (2015), Sairat (2016), Dhadak (2018) Dhadak 2 (2025) āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āĻļুāϧু āĻ•ি āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāϰা āϟাāϰ্āĻ—েāϟ āĻšā§Ÿ? āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻ“ āĻ–্āϰিāϏ্āϟাāύāĻĻেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āφāĻ•্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ• āϘāϟāύা। āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāϰা āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒূāϜা āĻ…āϰ্āϚāύা āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻ•ি?, āφāϰ āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻ­াāĻŦে āύাāĻŽাāϜ āϰোāϜা āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻ•ি? 

āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ āĻ•ি? āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āφāχāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āϟাāχāϟেāϞ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻ•āϰা। āύাāĻŽ āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•ে āĻļুāϧু āύিāϜেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āύাāĻŽে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ āĻšāĻŦেāύ। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ 

✅ āϏোāύাāĻ•্āώী āϏিāύāĻšাāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āϏোāύাāĻ•্āώী
✅ āĻ…āĻŽিāϤাāĻ­ āĻŦāϚ্āϚāύেāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ…āĻŽিāϤাāĻ­ 
✅ āĻšৃāϤিāĻ• āϰোāĻļāύেāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āĻšৃāϤিāĻ•
✅ āĻŽāĻŽāϤা āĻŦ্āϝাāύাāϰ্āϜীāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āĻŽāĻŽāϤা
✅ āύāϰেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻŽোāĻĻীāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āύāϰেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ
✅ āĻ–াāϞেāĻĻা āϜি⧟াāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ–াāϞেāĻĻা
✅ āĻļেāĻ– āĻšাāϏিāύাāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে āĻšাāϏিāύা 

āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āφāχāύ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•ে āĻļুāϧু āĻāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āύাāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦেāύ। āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻĻাāĻĻা, āĻĻাāĻĻী, āύাāύা, āύাāύী, āĻŦাāĻŦা, āĻŽা, āĻŦ⧜ āĻ­াāχ, āĻŦ⧜ āĻŦোāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻ›েāύ, āĻŦা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ āĻāĻŽāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāĻŦে āύা। āĻāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϧাāϰāύা āĻ…āϤāϟা āĻ•āĻ িāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āύা। āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্āϤāύ āĻŽুāĻ–্āϝāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻŽাāϝ়াāĻŦāϤী āĻ•েāĻŦāϞ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻŽিāϜোāϰাāĻŽ āϰাāϜ্āϝেāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝাāĻ—āϰিāώ্āĻ  āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟ। āĻŦāϞিāωāĻĄেāϰ āĻ—োāĻŦিāύ্āĻĻ, āĻ•াāϜāϞ, āϰেāĻ–া, āϟাāĻŦু, āĻĒāϤ্āϰāϞেāĻ–া āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ। āĻ…āύেāĻ• āύāĻŦী āϰাāϏুāϞ āĻ“ āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ āĻāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ : āφāĻĻāĻŽ, āĻšাāĻ“ā§Ÿা, āĻŽুāϏা, āχāĻŦ্āϰাāĻšীāĻŽ, āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻĻ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āϤাāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϞেāϟো, āϏāĻ•্āϰেāϟিāϏ, āĻ…্āϝাāϰিāϏ্āϟāϟāϞেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ। 

āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āφāĻŽাāϰ āύিāϜেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻ•োāύ āĻĢ্āϝাāĻŽিāϞি āϟাāχāϟেāϞ āύাāχ, āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰেāĻ“ āĻāχ āφāχāύেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে ✅ āφāĻŽাāϰ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে "āĻĄি⧟াāϰ"। 

āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āύāĻ­েāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨা āϭ⧟āĻ™্āĻ•āϰ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝাāϧি। āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāχ āϏāĻŽāĻ—্āϰ āĻ­াāϰāϤে āϤা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āύা, āĻāĻŦং āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āϏāĻŦ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāχ āĻĻা⧟ী āύ⧟। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻĒ্āϰা⧟āχ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিāϰে āĻšাāĻŽāϞা āĻ“ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦা⧜িāϤে āĻ“ āĻĻোāĻ•াāύে āĻ…āĻ—্āύিāϏংāϝোāĻ—েāϰ āϘāϟāύা āϘāϟে। āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦোāĻŽা āĻšাāĻŽāϞাāϰ āϘāϟāύাāĻ“ āϘāϟেāĻ›ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤাāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻāχ āύ⧟ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĻা⧟ী। āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻšāϞ, āĻ­াāϰāϤে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦāϰ্āύāĻ­েāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨাāϰ āύাāĻŽে āĻ•ি āϘāϟে? 

😠 āωāϚ্āϚāĻŦāϰ্āĻŖেāϰ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāϰা āύিāĻŽ্āύāĻŦāϰ্āĻŖেāϰ āϞোāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻ–াāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻšāϤে āĻŦিāϰāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•েāύ। āĻĻāϞিāϤ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖীāϰ āϰাāύ্āύা āĻ–াāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϝাāĻŦে āύা। āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•ি āĻāĻ•āχ āĻšোāϟেāϞে āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻĒাāϤিāϞে āϰাāύ্āύা āĻšāĻŦে। āφāϰ āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻĒ্āϞেāϟে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। 
😠 āωāϭ⧟ āĻŦāϰ্āύেāϰ āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻŽেāϞাāĻŽেāĻļা āĻŦāύ্āϧ।
😠 āĻĻāϞিāϤāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিāϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļ, āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻ•ুāϝ়ো āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒাāύি āωāĻ াāύো āύেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻŦা āωāϚ্āϚāĻŦāϰ্āĻŖেāϰ āĻĻোāĻ•াāύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϜিāύিāϏ āĻ•েāύা āύিāώেāϧ। 
😠 āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ—্āϰাāĻŽে āĻĻāϞিāϤāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦāϏāĻŦাāϏেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻĒাāĻĄ়া āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
😠 āĻĻāϞিāϤ āĻļিāĻļুāϰা āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϏāĻŽāϝ় āωāϚ্āϚāĻŦāϰ্āĻŖেāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻŦা āϏāĻšāĻĒাāĻ ীāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āφāĻ•্āϰāĻŽāĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āφāϚāϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻļিāĻ•াāϰ āĻšāϝ়, āϝাāϰ āĻĢāϞে āϤাāϰা āĻĒāĻĄ়াāĻļোāύা āĻ›েāĻĄ়ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻšāϝ়। āφāĻŦাāϰ āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻĻāϞিāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻŦāϏāϤে āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āĻŦা āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖীāĻ•āĻ•্āώেāϰ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•্āϰāĻŽে āĻ…ংāĻļ āύিāϤে āĻŦাāϧা āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻšāϝ়।
😠 āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻĻāϞিāϤāϰা āύিāĻ—্āϰāĻšেāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āφāχāύি āϞāĻĄ়াāχ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻ—েāϞে āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύিāĻ• āϏ্āϤāϰে āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤা āĻĒাāϝ় āύা।
😠 āĻĻāϞিāϤ āĻ“ āωāϚ্āϚāĻŦāϰ্āĻŖেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰেāĻŽ āĻŦা āĻŦিāϝ়েāϰ āϘāϟāύাāϝ় "āĻ…āύাāϰ āĻ•িāϞিং" āĻŦা āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽাāύ āϰāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨে āĻšāϤ্āϝাāϰ āϘāϟāύা āϘāϟে।

āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āϝ āϏাāĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝāĻĒূāϰ্āύ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϘāϟāύা āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāĻ“ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ…ংāĻļে āĻŦাāĻ™াāϞিāϰা āϏ্āĻĨাāύী⧟ āϏংāĻ–্āϝাāϞāϘু āύৃāϤাāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦিāĻ• āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻা⧟ āϏাঁāĻ“āϤাāϞāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻāĻ•āϤ্āϰে āĻšোāϟেāϞে āĻ–াāĻŦে āύা। 

āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦāϤ্āϰ, āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•āϰে āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āωঁāϚু āϜাāϤ - āύিāϚু āϜাāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻŦিāϞুāĻĒ্āϤিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ āĻāχ āĻŦৈāĻĒ্āϞāĻŦিāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ। āϰাāϤাāϰাāϤি āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āϏুāĻĢāϞ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϝাāĻŦে āύা। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āφāϜāĻ•ে āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϞে āĻšā§ŸāϤ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻĒāϰ āϏāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāϰিāϚ⧟ āĻšāĻŦে "āĻŽাāύুāώ"। āĻāϟা āĻ•ি āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ•িāĻ›ু? āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāϰেāχ āύা। āφāĻŽি āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āĻĨাāĻ•āϤেāχ āφāĻŽাāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĨাāĻ•া "āϏিāύāĻšা" āĻ“ "āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻĻ" āĻĻুāϟোāχ āĻŦাāĻĻ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›ি। āφāĻĒāύিāĻ“ āĻĒাāϰāĻŦেāύ। 

āφāϜāĻ•ে āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĻুāχāĻļ āĻŦা āϚাāϰāĻļ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻ•ে āĻ•ি āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āύি⧟āϜিāϤ āĻ›িāϞ, āϤাāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āĻ•āϰে āĻŦংāĻļেāϰ āύাāĻŽāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏংāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āϤাāϞিāĻ•া āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāĻ•। āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–্āϝ, āύিāϚেāϰ āϤাāϞিāĻ•াāϟা āφāĻŽি āωāχāĻ•িāĻĒিāĻĄি⧟া āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύি⧟েāĻ›ি, āϤাāχ āĻ­ুāϞāĻ­্āϰাāύ্āϤি āĻĨাāĻ•āϤে āĻĒাāϰে। ⧍⧭āϟি āϤāĻĨাāĻ•āĻĨিāϤ āĻŦংāĻļী⧟ āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦীāϰ āϤাāϞিāĻ•াঃ 

đŸ˜ŗ āĻŽুāĻ–োāĻĒাāϧ্āϝা⧟ āĻŦা āĻŽুāĻ–াāϰ্āϜী: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ (āϰাāĻĸ়ী)। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤ, āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•, āĻŦৈāĻĻিāĻ• āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ।
đŸ˜ŗ āϚāϟ্āϟোāĻĒাāϧ্āϝাāϝ় āĻŦা āϚ্āϝাāϟাāϰ্āϜি: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ (āϰাāĻĸ়ী)। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤ, āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•, āĻĻাāϰ্āĻļāύিāĻ•।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻ্āϝোāĻĒাāϧ্āϝা⧟ āĻŦা āĻŦ্āϝাāύাāϰ্āϜী: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ (āϰাāĻĸ়ী)। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤ, āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻ—াāĻ™্āĻ—ুāϞি: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤ, āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•, āϧāϰ্āĻŽীāϝ় āύেāϤা।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŽাāĻŖিāĻ•: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ/āĻ•াāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āύāĻĨিāĻĒāϤ্āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖāĻ•াāϰী āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϰ্āϤা, āĻĻāϞিāϞ āϏাāĻ•্āώী।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻļāϰ্āĻŽা: āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ। āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏāϰ্āĻŦāϜāύীāύ āωāĻĒাāϧি, āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻĒুāϰোāĻšিāϤ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻĻেāĻŦ: (āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ āĻŦংāĻļোāĻĻ্āĻ­ূāϤ) āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻĻেāĻŦāϤাāϰ āϏেāĻŦāĻ•, āϜāĻŽিāĻĻাāϰ, āĻŦা āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽাāύāϏূāϚāĻ• āωāĻĒাāϧি।
đŸ˜ŗ āϚোāĻĒ⧜া: āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āϜāĻŽিāĻĻাāϰ, āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•, āϏাāĻŽāϰিāĻ• āĻŦাāĻšিāύীāϰ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ।
đŸ˜ŗ āϏিāϏোāĻĻি⧟া: āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻļাāϏāĻ• āĻ“ āϝোāĻĻ্āϧা।
đŸ˜ŗ āϏিāύāĻšা: āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়/āĻ•াāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āϝোāĻĻ্āϧা, āĻļাāϏāĻ•, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāĻ•।
đŸ˜ŗ āϰা⧟: āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়/āĻ•াāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āϜāĻŽিāĻĻাāϰ, āĻļাāϏāĻ•, āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϰ্āϤা।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻĻāϤ্āϤ: āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়/āĻ•াāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āϜāĻŽিāĻĻাāϰ, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāĻ•, āĻĻাāύāĻļীāϞ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি।
đŸ˜ŗ āϘোāώ: āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়/āĻ•াāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻĻুāĻ—্āϧāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏাāϝ়ী, āĻ—োāĻĒাāϞāĻ•, āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏাāϝ়ী।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻŦāϏু āĻŦা āĻŦোāϏ: āĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰিāϝ়/āĻ•াāϝ়āϏ্āĻĨ। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āϜāĻŽিāĻĻাāϰ, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāĻ•।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻ•াāĻĒুāϰ: āĻŦৈāĻļ্āϝ। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏাāϝ়ী, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāĻ•, āĻ•্āϞাāϰ্āĻ•।
đŸ˜ŗ āφāĻ—āϰāĻ“ā§ŸাāϞ: āĻŦৈāĻļ্āϝ। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏাāϝ়ী, āĻŦāĻŖিāĻ•।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻ•ুāĻŽাāϰ: āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻŽৃā§ŽāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী।
đŸ˜ŗ āϝাāĻĻāĻŦ: āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ। āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻ—োāĻĒাāϞāĻ•, āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻŽāύ্āĻĄāϞ: āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ। āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āĻ—্āϰাāĻŽāĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ, āĻ•ৃāώāĻ• āύেāϤা।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻŽেāϘāĻ“āϝ়াāϞ: āĻļূāĻĻ্āϰ। āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻĒāĻļুāĻĒাāϞāĻ•, āĻ•াāĻŽাāϰ।
đŸ˜ŗ āϚাāĻŽাāϰ: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āϚāϰ্āĻŽāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী, āϜুāϤা āϤৈāϰি।
đŸ˜ŗ āϧোāĻŦী: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻ•াāĻĒ⧜ āϧো⧟া।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻĄোāĻŽ: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻļ্āĻŽāĻļাāύেāϰ āĻ•াāϜ, āĻŦাঁāĻļেāϰ āĻ•াāϜ।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻ­াāĻ™্āĻ—ী/āĻŦাāϞ্āĻŽীāĻ•ি: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āϰাāϏ্āϤা āĻ“ āĻĒāϝ়ঃāύিāώ্āĻ•াāĻļāύ āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰāĻ•।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻŽাāϞা: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻŽৃāϤāĻĻেāĻš āĻ¸ā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ, āĻ•āĻŦāϰāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āϰāĻ•্āώāĻŖাāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻŖ।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻŽাāĻĻিāĻ—া: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āϚāϰ্āĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāĻ•āϰāĻŖ, āĻĄ্āϰাāĻŽ āϤৈāϰি।
đŸ˜ŗ āĻ–াāϟিāĻ•: āĻĻāϞিāϤ। āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤ āĻĒেāĻļা āĻŽাংāϏ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰেāϤা, āĻĒāĻļু āϜāĻŦাāχ।

āϤাāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻ•ি āĻŦংāĻļ āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰা⧟ āϏāĻŦাāχ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻĒেāĻļা⧟ āύি⧟োāϜিāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে? āĻĒেāĻļাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা? 

āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āϞাāχāĻĢে āύিāϜেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāϤে "āϏিāύāĻšা" āĻ“ "āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻĻ" āĻŽুāĻ›ে āĻĢেāϞা āφāĻŽাāϰ āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āϏেāϰা āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি। āĻŽāύুāώ্āϝāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϧাāĻĒ āĻ›িāϞ āϏেāϟি। āĻŽুāϏāϞিāĻŽ, āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু, āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āϧ, āĻ–্āϰিāϏ্āϟাāύ, āχāĻšুāĻĻি, āύাāϏ্āϤিāĻ•, āϏুāύ্āύি, āĻļি⧟া, āĻŦ্āϰাāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ, āĻĻāϞিāϤ, āĻ•্āϝাāĻĨāϞিāĻ•, āĻĒ্āϰোāϟেāϏ্āϟেāύ্āϟ, āĻŦাāĻ™াāϞি, āĻĢ্āϰেāĻž্āϚ, āϜাāĻĒাāύিāϜ, āĻŽāĻ™্āĻ—োāϞি⧟াāύ, āϏোāĻŽাāϞি⧟াāύ, āϚাāĻ•āĻŽা, āĻŽাāϰāĻŽা, āĻļ্āĻŦেāϤাāĻ™্āĻ—, āĻ•ৃāώ্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ—, āύাāϰী, āĻĒুāϰুāώ - āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻ•āϞেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāϰিāϚ⧟, āφāĻŽāϰা āĻŽাāύুāώ। 



āϧāύ্āϝāĻŦাāĻĻ āϏāĻŦাāχāĻ•ে
āϤাāĻ“āĻšীāĻĻুāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽাāύ āĻĄি⧟াāϰ
⧍⧧ āĻ…āĻ•্āϟোāĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ